crawl_house/lianjia/getData.py

# coding=utf-8
'''
Created on 2017年7月1日
@vsersion:python3.6
@author: liuyuqi
'''
import random
import time

# 导入开发模块
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from nt import chdir

class Lianjia(object):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Lianjia, self).__init__()
        self.session = requests.Session()
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36',
            'Referer': 'http://sh.lianjia.com/ershoufang/',
        }
        self.urls=[]
        self.session.headers.update(headers)

    def getUrls(self):
        # 基于for循环，构造完整的爬虫链接
        for city in citys:
            url = 'http://sh.lianjia.com/ershoufang/%s/' % city
            res = self.session.get(url)  # 发送get请求
            res = res.text.encode(res.encoding).decode('utf-8')  # 需要转码，否则会有问题
            soup = BeautifulSoup(res, 'html.parser')  # 使用bs4模块，对响应的链接源代码进行html解析
            page = soup.findAll('div', {'class': 'c-pagination'})  # 使用finalAll方法，获取指定标签和属性下的内容
            pages = [i.strip() for i in page[0].text.split('\n')]  # 抓取出每个区域的二手房链接中所有的页数
            if len(pages) > 3:
                total_pages = int(pages[-3])
            else:
                total_pages = int(pages[-2])

            for j in list(range(1, total_pages + 1)):  # 拼接所有需要爬虫的链接
                self.urls.append('http://sh.lianjia.com/ershoufang/%s/d%s' % (city, j))
            #         随机睡眠2-10s
        time.sleep(random.randint(2, 10))

    def mSpider(self):
        #         获取所有url
        self.getUrls()
        # 创建csv文件，用于后面的保存数据
        file = open('链家二手房.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

        for url in self.urls:  # 基于for循环，抓取出所有满足条件的标签和属性列表，存放在find_all中
            res = requests.get(url)
            res = res.text.encode(res.encoding).decode('utf-8')
            soup = BeautifulSoup(res, 'html.parser')
            find_all = soup.find_all(name='div', attrs={'class': 'info'})

            for i in list(range(len(find_all))):  # 基于for循环，抓取出所需的各个字段信息
                title = find_all[i].find('a')['title']  # 每套二手房的标语

                res2 = find_all[i]
                name = res2.find_all('div', {'class': 'where'})[0].find_all('span')[0].text  # 每套二手房的小区名称
                room_type = res2.find_all('div', {'class': 'where'})[0].find_all('span')[1].text  # 每套二手房的户型
                size = res2.find_all('div', {'class': 'where'})[0].find_all('span')[2].text[:-3]  # 每套二手房的面积

                # 采用列表解析式，删除字符串的首位空格
                info = [i.strip() for i in res2.find_all('div', {'class': 'con'})[0].text.split('\n')]
                region = info[1]  # 每套二手房所属的区域
                loucheng = info[2][2:]  # 每套二手房所在的楼层
                chaoxiang = info[5][2:]  # 每套二手房的朝向
                builtdate = info[-3][2:]  # 每套二手房的建筑时间

                # 每套二手房的总价
                price = find_all[i].find('div', {'class': 'price'}).text.strip()[:-1]
                # 每套二手房的平方米售价
                price_union = find_all[i].find('div', {'class': 'price-pre'}).text.strip()[:-3]

                # print(name,room_type,size,region,loucheng,chaoxiang,price,price_union,builtdate)
                # 将上面的各字段信息值写入并保存到csv文件中
                file.write(','.join(
                    (name, room_type, size, region, loucheng, chaoxiang, price, price_union, builtdate)) + '\n')

        # 关闭文件（否则数据不会写入到csv文件中）
        file.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    workSpace = "E:\\data\\workspace\\Python_Tools\\lianjianalysis"
    chdir(workSpace)
    # 指定爬虫所需的上海各个区域名称
    citys = ['pudongxinqu','minhang','baoshan','xuhui','putuo','yangpu','changning','songjiang',
            'jiading','huangpu','jinan','zhabei','hongkou','qingpu','fengxian','jinshan','chongming']
    lianjia=Lianjia()
    lianjia.mSpider(citys)